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(No Model.)

J. K-AINE. PIPE BOILER.

PatentedJan. 8, 1895.

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J. KAINE.

PIPE BOILER.

No. 532,071. Patented Jan. 8, 1895.

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J. KAINE. PIPE BOILER.

N0. 532,071. Patented Jan; 8, 1895.

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KAINE.

v PIPE BOILER.

No. 532,071. I Patented Jan. 8,1895.

V UNrrnn STATES PATENT @FFEQE.

JAMES KAINE, OF BROOKLYN, NElV YORK, ASSIGNOR OF TWO-THIRDS TO CHARLES HOlVARD BOYER AND FRANK \VOODRUFF BOYER, OF SAME PLACE.

PIPE BOILER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of 7 Letters Fatent No. 532,071, dated January 8, 1 895.

Application filed October 9, 18 94.

of the United'States, residing at Brooklyn, in

the county of Kings and State of New York, have invented new and useful Improvement-s in Pipe Boilers, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to that type of steamgenerators commonly known as pipe boilers, or water-tube boilers. .It is my purpose to provide a steam boiler of this kind having the utmost simplicity of construction and in which the maximum strength shall be combined with the minimum of weight and with a construction and arrangement whereby access may be had to any part of the boiler with the greatest ease and with the least delay, for the purpose of cleaning or repairing, or for the removal of any one or more, of the parts and the substitution of other duplicate portions.

It is a further purpose of .my invention to provide a steam boiler possessing the characteristics mentioned and so organized that, while provided with ample water and steam space and capable of generating very'large volumes of steam with great rapidity, the boiler shall occupy an extremely small floor area and cubic space, shall have no joints exposed to the direct action of the fire, shall have a low center of gravity, a short, rapid, and perfect circulation, whereby the boiler is practically self cleansing and shall have such uniform distribution of steam pressure and such arrangement of the steam drum and water columns that the rupture of the joints, or the explosion of the boiler, shall be impracticable.

Finally, it is my purpose to provide a boiler especially adapted to marine engines of very high speed, to be usedupon boats of light draft, where the utmost economy of space and very light weight, with ample strength, entire safety, a' greatly amplified heating-surface, a capacity of generating large columns of steam with the utmost rapidity and uniformity, and an economical consumption of fuel are all essential.

My invention consists, to these ends, in the novel features of construction and new combination of parts hereinafter described in de- Serial N0.525,410. (N0 model.)

tail, and then particularly pointed out and defined in the claims which conclude this specification.

To enable those skilled in the art to which my said invention pertains to fully understand and' to make and use the same, I will proceed to describe said invention in full, reference being had for this purpose to the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure 1 is a perspective view of the boiler, the casing being removed. Fig. 2'is a vertical section, from front to rear, upon the line 2 2, Fig. 4:. Fig. 3 is aplan view of the parts shown in Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is a front elevation of the same partly in section. Fig. 5 is a side elevation of the same. Fig. 6 is a rear elevation, with part of the pipes removed.

The reference numeral 1, in said drawings indicates the steam drum, which is arranged at the upper front of the boiler and extends from side to side thereof. Communicating with said drum at or near, its ends, are two vertical or nearly vertical water columns2, which open into the lower side of the drum and extend thence downward to the front ends of-two horizontal, or nearly horizontal, water-legs 3, having about the same diameter as the water-columns. These water-legs lie substantially in the same planes with the two 86 series of side-pipes 4, which practically inclose the combustion chamber, although suitable provision is made to permit the products of" combustion to pass between said pipes.

The latter are arranged in parallelism with each other and with the water-legs 3, and their ends are connected, alternately, at front and rear, to form a continuous passage from the rearward end of the lowest length of said pipe to thecorresponding' end of the upper 0- length, which is connected in the manner presently to be explained. Suitable intervals are allowed between adjacent lengths of pipe to allow the circulation of the products of combustion.

At their rearward ends the water-legs 3 communicate with the ends of a third water-leg 5, which extends transversely from side to side of the rear end of the combustion-chamber. Communicating with the third leg 5 are I00 two alternating series of vertical, or nearly vertical pipes 6 and 6 which rise from the upper side of the leg to a point near the horizontal plane of the Waterdrum 1. These pipes are arranged as close together as is consistent with the couplings 7 and in order to employ the greatest number possible within a limited space, the openings by which they enter the leg 5 are staggered, or in other words arranged in two alternating series, as shown in Figs. 2, 3, and 6. At their upper ends said pipes are coupled to a series of nearly horizontal pipes 8, of somewhat less diameter, the latter series extending forward to the middle of the combustion-chambeigor thereabout where their ends are coupled to a double series of short, vertical, or nearly vertical pipes 9 and 10, the former series being considerably the shorter. The series 9 are coupled at their upper ends to the rearward ends of a series of horizontal, or nearly horizontal manifolds 12, arranged substantially in the same horizontal plane and extending forward to the steam-drum 1, which they en ter upon the rearward side of said drum. The pipes 10, of the other series, rise to a higher point and their ends are coupled, in a similar manner, to the rearward ends of a series of manifolds 13, which also extend forward to the steam-drum with which they communicate by angular couplings 14, entering the drum about midway between the top and the rearward side of said drum. ries of manifolds are thus alternated in position, such arrangement being made necessary by the increased diameter of the m anifolds relatively to the two series of pipes 9 and 10.

Each of the pipes 6 is entered upon its front and froma pointimmediatcly below the coup: ling at the upper end, by a closely arranged series of pipes 15, of comparatively small diameter. These pipes are arranged in the same vertical plane, in each group, andeach series extends down to the middle point or thereabout, of the pipe 6, with which the series communicates. The members in each group, or series, are arranged at narrow in tervals of separation, inorder to include as many pipes in each series as possible, consistently with the proper circulation of the products of combustion. The pipes of each vertical series extend forward, nearly in a horizontal plane until beneath the manifold 12, or 13, lying in, or nearly in the same vertical plane. They are then bent into a vertical, or nearly vertical direction and enter the lower side of the manifolds, the uppermost pipe in the series entering near the rear end of the manifold, and the others at substantially regular intervals successively approaching the forward end of the said manifold. Thus, each pipe, counting from above downward will be of somewhat greater length, in both its horizontal and its Vertical branch, than the pipe next above and the lowest pipe in the series will extend to, or nearly to, the front end of the combustion-chamber, before it is curved upward. As already stated, the

The two se- .ductor of heat, such as asbestos.

pipes from one series of, verticalpipes 6 will enter one horizontal series of manifolds, as 12, while those from the other and alternating series of said pipes 6 will enter the other series of manifolds.

The side pipes t each communicate with one of the water-legs 3, near the rearward end of the latter, by an angular coupling 16, and a branch pipe 17, the latter being coupled to the forward end of the lower length or branch of the side-pipe, and extending beside and parallel with the latter, and close to the upper side of the water-leg, to the coupling 16. The upper length, or branch, of each side-pipe 4t terminates near the front of the combustion-chamber where it is coupled to a vertical pipe 18, whichpasses up to a T-coupling 19, which communicates with the steamdrum and also with the forward end of the manifold l3, in the upperserieslying next to the side of the combustion-chamber. The two lateral manifolds in the series 13, therefore, communicate with the steam-drum 1 by way of the couplings 19, whichenter at points a little below the lower series of manifolds 12, the opening for one of saidcouplings being shown'in Fig. 6. Connection for the water-tubes, gage-cocks, &c., is made by apipe 20, from the top of the'steam-drum 1 to a vertical branch 21, extending down in front of the-boiler and entering one of the watercol umns at or near its lower end. The steam dome 22 is usually arranged at or near the middle of the top of the drum.

The boiler casing 23 is shown by dotted lines and is preferably constructed of sheetiron lined with a material which is not a con- I prefer to attach said casing to angle-irons, or T -irons, 24, but this construction is subject to considerable variation, in theseparticulars, as any desired modifications may be made therein without affecting my invention. The front wall of the boiler-casingis carried behindthe steam-drum 1 and behind the two water columns 2. The water-legs 3 and 5 are within the boiler casing, butbelow the planeof the grate-bars 25, so that they are not directly exposed to the fire.

The pipes and manifolds may be tapped into the steam-drum, and into other communicating parts, or the joints may be formed by expansion, or'in any manner preferred. The form of the pipes in the series of groups between the pipes 6 and the manifolds l2 and 13, permits ready expansion and contraction, due to extremes of temperature, without straining or wrenching any of the parts, or joints. The boiler-casing is preferably .constructed in two parts and joined centrally, so that it may be readily and quickly removed for repairs. Any one or more of the boilerpipes, even to an entire group, or a number of such groups, may be speedily removed, if necessary, without disturbing the remainder, and duplicate pipes may be substituted; or, if desired, the openings from which they have been removed may be plugged and the boiler rally be initiated in the manifolds 12 and 13 available heating surface.

and pipes 8 and 15, as well as in the side pipes 4 and vertical pipes 6, all these being within the boiler-casingand above the grate,-

and exposed to the more or less direct action of the fire. From said pipes and manifolds the hot water and steam will be poured into the steam drum 1, which is Wholly outside the casing and removed from the fire. From the drum the water flows down the water columns 2, into the water-legs 3 and 5, which lie at the sides and rear end, within the boilercasing, but beneath the grate. From these three water-legs the course of the circulation is again through the pipes, and manifolds, as described. The number of the pipes and their comparatively small diameter, not only afiord a greatly enlarged heating surface, but cause great volumes of steam to be produced with phenomenal rapidity. These features of construction, also, are important factorsin causing an extremely rapid water-circulation, which continually cleanses the pipes and-prevents the formation of scale and the accumulation of sedimentary deposits.

The arrangement of the steam-drum 1 and vertical water-columns 2 outside the casing materially promotes the rapidity of the circulation, besides affording a complete safeguard against the explosion of the boiler. The arrangement of the three water-legs 3 and 5 within the boiler-casing, but beneath the grate, where they receive a degree of heat intermediate between that acting upon the pipes above the grate and the temperature maintained in the drum and water-columns, also exerts an important influence in maintaining a rapid and practically uniform circulation and steam-generation, besides effecting an economy of fuel and an increase of the The construction and arrangement described and shown enable me to effect a generation of steam superior, in volume and rapidity to the capacity of steam-boilers weighing nine and one-half tons, or nineteen thousand pounds, while the boiler described herein weighs but a little overtwo tons, orfour thousand two-hundred pounds. I also effect a large and important economy in the consumption of fuel, and by these advantages I provide a boiler equally adapted for all marine engines from which very high speeds are to be obtained, and for vessels of comparatively small tonnage and very light draft, in which great'speed is also a desideratum.

It is important to note, that my invention provides an efficient safe-guard against explosion from low water, or from the feed-water being thrown into the spheroidal state,

sometimes termed the calorific paradox, from which sudden and terrific explosions are well known to follow. As the feed-water enters at a point exterior to the combustion-chamber and flows into the water-legs below the grate, it is practically impossible that disaster can result from such cause. Finally, by interposing the pipe series 8 between the nearly vertical pipes 6 and the two series of manifolds 12 and 13, I avoid all excess of back pressure, which frequently ruptures the plugged, or closed ends of pipes, or manifolds in'boilers where no provision is made for removing an excess of pressure from such points. By my invention the steam pressure is substantially equalized at all points and accidents of the kind mentioned cannot occur.

What I claim is 1. A water-tube steam-boiler comprising a steam-drum and water-columns all upon the exterior of the boiler-casing, water-legs arranged at or near the sides of, and within the boiler-casing, but beneath the grate, their ends projecting outside and communicating Withthe lower ends of the water-columns, a transverse water-leg at the rear forming a continuation of the legs at the side, a series of side pipes above and communicating with each side-leg, two parallel, but alternating series of pipes entering the transverse leg, two alternating series of manifolds connected at their rear ends to the tops of the alternating series of pipes, their front ends entering the steam-drum, and groups of pipes of reduced diameter each group lying in a vertical plane, their forward ends entering the lower side of one of the manifolds and their other ends entering a pipe in one of the two alternating series of pipes, substantially as described.

2. A water-tube steam-boiler, comprising a steam-drum and communicating water-columns all exterior to the combustion-chamber, two longitudinal water-legs lying beneath the grate at the sides and having their ends projecting from said chamber to communicate with the water-co1umns,a transverse water-leg forming a continuous passage with the other ends of the longitudinal legs, two alternating series of pipes rising from the transverse leg, two alternating series of manifolds entering the steam-drum at their forward ends, their rear ends connected by pipes to the tops of the two alternating series of pipes, and groups of pipes of relatively small diameter, arranged in vertical planes, their forward ends entering the rear ends of the manifolds and their other ends entering the two alternating series of pipes, substantially as described.

3. In a water-tube steam-boiler, the combination with a steam-drum arranged at the top and front of the combustion-chamber, but ex- ICC IIO

terior thereto, of water-columns entering said a drum at, or near, its ends, Water-legs arranged at or near the sides of the combustion-chamber, but wholly below the grate, a transverse water-leg connecting the rear ends of said water-legs, two series of manifolds entering the steam-drum at their forward ends, one

series at or near the top of :the combustionchamber and the other series below and alternating with the first, extending horizontally, or nearly so, from the upper ends of pipes communicating with the transverse water-leg to vertical pipes entering the rearward ends of the manifolds, and groups of pipes of relatively small diameter'entering the manifolds beneath the latter, and extending to and entering the vertical series of pipes at their rear sides, each group being in a vertical plane, substantially as described.

4. In a water-tube steam-boiler the combination with a horizontal steam-drum arranged outside the combustion-chamber and boilercasing, of two horizontal legsconnected to said drums, a'rearward transverse leg connecting the ends of the horizontal legs, said legs arrangedbeneath the plane of the grate, a series of side pipes bent alternately in opposite directionsover the horizontallegs and communicating with the latter and with the steamdrum, two alternating series of pipes rising from the transverse water-leg, two series of manifolds, connected at their rear ends to the said vertical pipes and at their other 6I1d82t0 the steam-drum and groups of smaller pipes lying in vertical planes the members of' one myhand and affixed my seal in presence of two subscribing witnesses.

JAMES KAI'NE. [n s] WVitnesSes:

J AMES L. NORRIS, GEO. W. REA. 

